Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pressing issue in South Africa, particularly affecting university students and campus safety in general. Adjusting to a new environment, navigating social interactions, and experiencing newfound independence can expose students to greater risk.  A leadership and education expert says that understanding GBV, recognising potential dangers, and implementing safety measures are essential in preventing victimisation and creating a secure campus culture.

Dr Linda Meyer, Managing Director of The Independent Institute of Education’s Rosebank College, says GBV encompasses physical, emotional, psychological, and sexual abuse, often occurring within campus settings, at social events, or even online spaces.

“When discussing strategies to reduce the risk of gender-based violence, it’s crucial to distinguish between empowering individuals with safety information and blaming victims for the actions of perpetrators. Providing advice on how to minimise risks does not shift the responsibility from the perpetrator to the victim,” she says.

“Rather, it acknowledges that while the ultimate responsibility for violence lies with those who commit it, equipping individuals with knowledge and resources can enhance their ability to navigate potentially dangerous situations more safely.”

Factors contributing to GBV on campus

“Several factors make students, particularly newer students, more susceptible to GBV,” notes Dr Meyer.

“Many students lack familiarity with campus security measures and are unaware of areas considered high-risk zones. The transition into university life often includes exposure to social environments where peer pressure plays a significant role, leading students to participate in activities such as excessive alcohol consumption that can increase vulnerability.”

Dr Meyer also notes power imbalances within university settings, where older students, faculty members, or authority figures may exploit their positions to manipulate or coerce vulnerable students into uncomfortable or dangerous situations.

Additionally, many students lack awareness of available support systems and may not know where or how to report GBV-related incidents, which can discourage them from seeking help.

Practical safeguards

It is important for all students to familiarise themselves with campus security services, including emergency contact numbers and designated safe zones – even if they don’t feel particularly at risk, Dr Meyer says.

“Awareness of student organisations that advocate against GBV and offer support can provide additional protection. When moving around campus, students should use university-provided transportation services or travel in groups, especially at night, to reduce the risk of potential threats,” she says.

“Understanding and asserting personal boundaries is another vital safeguard. Students should be confident in communicating their boundaries and recognise that consent must always be explicit, freely given, and can be withdrawn at any time. It is equally important to remain cautious at social gatherings, particularly those where alcohol or other substances are present.”

Students should monitor their beverages and avoid accepting drinks from individuals they do not know and trust. Having a designated check-in system with friends at social events can also enhance safety and provide immediate assistance in an emergency.

“Students should report any suspicious or harmful behaviour immediately. Universities have designated authorities, support centres, and student-led advocacy groups that can assist survivors and help create an environment of accountability. Students can also enrol in self-defence programmes offered by their institutions to enhance their confidence and ability to protect themselves in threatening situations. Engaging in awareness campaigns and discussions on GBV issues can provide deeper insights into recognising and preventing gender-based violence within university spaces.”

University and community support resources

Universities and community organisations provide essential resources for GBV survivors. Most institutions have GBV response units that offer confidential assistance to students who have experienced violence or harassment. Higher Health, for instance, provides guidance and support services tailored to students in higher education institutions across South Africa.

Counselling services are widely available and provide psychological support to survivors as they process their experiences. Many universities also have legal aid clinics where students can receive guidance on taking legal action against perpetrators. Student unions and advocacy groups are also crucial in fostering awareness, offering peer support, and implementing preventative measures to combat GBV on campus.

“Reducing risk associated with GBV among university students requires a proactive approach that involves both students and university authorities,” says Dr Meyer.

“By staying informed, prioritising safety, and utilising available support systems, students can contribute to creating a safer academic environment both for themselves and the wider university community. Universities must also take a firm stance in combating GBV through strict policy enforcement, widespread awareness campaigns, and survivor-centred support services. The fight against GBV is a collective effort, and only through shared responsibility can campuses become safe spaces for all students, ensuring their well-being and academic success.”